What are CSS Colors

CSS uses a variety of ways to specify colors for elements, including:

1. RGB (Red, Green, Blue) values: RGB values are used to specify a color by its red, green, and blue components, using a range of 0-255 for each component. For example, the RGB value “rgb(255, 0, 0)” would represent the color red.
2. Hexadecimal values: Hexadecimal values are used to specify a color using a six-digit code, with each pair of digits representing the red, green, and blue components of the color. For example, the hex value “#ff0000” would also represent the color red.
3. HSL (Hue, Saturation, Lightness) values: HSL values are used to specify a color by its hue, saturation, and lightness, using values between 0 and 100% for saturation and lightness, and 0-360 for hue.
4. Predefined color names: CSS also has a set of predefined color names, such as “red,” “green,” “blue,” etc. These are easy to remember, but there is a limited set of predefined colors.
5. Function: rgba() and hsla() which works similar to rgb() and hsl() but they also accept an alpha channel value to specify the transparency of a color.

It’s worth noting that in CSS, color names, Hex values and RGB values are case-insensitive, but HSL values are case-sensitive.

CSS Backgrounds

CSS backgrounds are used to add visual elements behind the content of an HTML element. The CSS background properties include:

1. background-color: Used to set the background color of an element.
2. background-image: Used to set an image as the background of an element.
3. background-repeat: Used to specify how the background image should be repeated (if at all) if the image is smaller than the element.
4. background-position: Used to specify the position of the background image.
5. background-size: Used to specify the size of the background image.
6. background-attachment: Used to specify if the background image should scroll with the page or stay fixed in the viewport.
7. background: Shorthand property to set all the above properties in one line of code.

For example, the following CSS code would set the background color of a “div” element to be “lightgray”, and the background image to be “image.jpg”

Copy codediv {
  background-color: lightgray;
  background-image: url(image.jpg);
}

It is also possible to set a gradient as a background using linear-gradient() or radial-gradient() function.

Copy codebackground: linear-gradient(to right, #f7b733, #fc4a1a);

You can also use the background-clip and background-origin properties to control the painting area of the background.

CSS Borders

CSS borders are used to add a visual border around the content of an HTML element. The CSS border properties include:

1. border-width: Used to set the width of the border.
2. border-style: Used to set the style of the border (such as solid, dotted, double, etc.).
3. border-color: Used to set the color of the border.
4. border-radius: Used to create rounded corners on the border.
5. border: Shorthand property to set all the above properties in one line of code.

For example, the following CSS code would add a solid red border of 5 pixels around a “div” element:

Copy codediv {
  border: 5px solid red;
}

You can also set the border properties for each side separately with properties like border-top, border-right, border-bottom and border-left.

Copy codediv {
  border-top: 5px solid red;
  border-right: 2px dotted blue;
  border-bottom: 1px dashed green;
  border-left: 3px double orange;
}

Additionally, the box-sizing property can be used to include the padding and border in an element’s total width and height, which can be useful when working with borders.

CSS Images

CSS images are used to add images to web pages and can be applied to HTML elements using the background-image property.

The background-image property is used to set an image as the background of an HTML element. The image file should be in a format that is supported by web browsers, such as JPEG, PNG, or GIF. The syntax for this property is as follows:

Copy codeelement {
  background-image: url(image.jpg);
}

You can also use background shorthand property to set the background-image, background-repeat, background-position, background-size and background-attachment properties all together in one line of code.

Copy codeelement {
  background: url(image.jpg) no-repeat center;
}

It’s also possible to set a gradient as a background image using linear-gradient() or radial-gradient() function.

Copy codebackground: linear-gradient(to right, #f7b733, #fc4a1a);

You can also use the background-size property to specify the size of the background image. This property can take values such as “cover” or “cont

CSS Video Embedding

CSS can be used to style and control the layout of video elements on a web page, but it cannot be used to directly embed a video. To embed a video in a web page, the HTML <video> element should be used.

The <video> element can be used to embed video files in a web page, and it supports a wide range of video formats, including MP4, WebM, and Ogg. The basic syntax for the <video> element is as follows:

Copy code<video src="video.mp4"></video>

You can also specify alternative sources for the video using the <source> element. This is useful for providing multiple formats of the same video to support different browsers:

Copy code<video>
  <source src="video.mp4" type="video/mp4">
  <source src="video.webm" type="video/webm">
</video>

CSS can be used to style and control the layout of the <video> element, such as setting the width, height, and margins.

Copy codevideo {
    width: 80%;
    height: auto;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

You can also use display, position and float properties to control the layout of the video element.

Additionally, you can use the :hover and :active pseudo-selectors to change the styling of the video element when the user hovers over it or clicks on it.